Comprehensive Guide to Howo Under Chassis Parts: Functions, Components, and Maintenance

Heavy-duty trucks like the Howo series play a crucial role in various industries such as construction, logistics, mining, and transportation. These trucks are known for their durability, power, and ability to perform in the most challenging environments. However, what often goes unnoticed is the critical role that the under chassis parts play in supporting the overall performance and safety of these vehicles.
The under chassis of a truck includes several essential components that bear the weight of the vehicle, provide stability, and ensure the truck operates smoothly under heavy loads. Understanding the function, structure, and maintenance of these components is essential for any truck owner or operator, especially in heavy-duty scenarios where any mechanical failure can result in costly downtime or even dangerous situations.
This article will delve deep into the HOWO under chassis parts, providing detailed insights into their roles, structure, and the best practices for maintaining them.
1. Frame and Sub-Frame
The frame is often referred to as the backbone of the truck. It’s the foundation that supports the truck’s entire structure, bearing the weight of the cabin, engine, and cargo. A well-designed frame ensures that the truck can carry heavy loads without bending or breaking, making it a critical part of the under chassis system.
Types of Frames in Howo Trucks:
Ladder Frame: Most Howo trucks feature a ladder frame design, characterized by two long metal beams running the length of the truck, connected by cross-members. This type of frame provides a high degree of strength and durability, especially for trucks used in off-road or heavy-duty environments.
Box Frame: In some cases, Howo trucks may use a box frame, which is even stronger than the ladder frame because of its enclosed structure. This frame is ideal for applications where the truck is subjected to extreme torsion, such as in mining operations.
Key Functions:
Load Distribution: The frame distributes the weight of the vehicle evenly, reducing stress on any single point and preventing deformation.
Support for Other Components: The frame acts as a mounting point for other critical parts like the suspension, engine, and drivetrain.
Maintenance:
Regularly inspect the frame for cracks, rust, or any signs of wear.
Ensure the frame is cleaned regularly, especially after exposure to corrosive elements such as saltwater or mud.
Apply anti-corrosion treatments if necessary, especially for trucks operating in harsh conditions.
2. Suspension System
The suspension system of a Howo truck is responsible for absorbing shocks from the road and maintaining the stability of the vehicle, especially when driving over uneven or rough terrain. A well-functioning suspension system ensures that the truck remains stable, the load is not disrupted, and the driver experiences a smoother ride.
Key Components of Howo Truck Suspension:
Leaf Springs: These are the most common suspension components in heavy-duty trucks. Made from multiple layers of steel plates, leaf springs provide strength and flexibility, allowing them to absorb significant amounts of shock.
Shock Absorbers: Working in conjunction with the leaf springs, shock absorbers dampen the vibrations caused by rough roads, improving the handling and comfort of the vehicle.
Torsion Bars: In some Howo trucks, torsion bars are used as a suspension component, especially in the front suspension. They provide a flexible, durable way to absorb shocks and maintain ride height.
Maintenance Tips:
Regularly check the leaf springs for signs of wear or damage, such as cracks or breaks.
Inspect the shock absorbers for any oil leaks, as this can be an early sign of failure.
Ensure that the suspension system is lubricated where necessary to prevent excessive wear on the components.
3. Axles and Differential
The axles in a Howo truck serve the critical function of transmitting power from the engine to the wheels while supporting the weight of the truck and its cargo. Howo trucks typically have front and rear axles, each playing a distinct role.
Types of Axles in Howo Trucks:
Front Axle: Primarily responsible for steering, the front axle supports some of the vehicle’s weight and allows the wheels to pivot when turning.
Rear Axle: This axle bears the bulk of the truck’s load and delivers power to the wheels. It works in conjunction with the differential, which allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, particularly when the truck is turning.
Differential:
The differential is connected to the rear axle and is responsible for distributing power between the wheels. It ensures that each wheel can rotate at different speeds, which is necessary when the truck is navigating corners.
Maintenance:
Check the axles regularly for any signs of wear, rust, or damage.
Ensure that the differential fluid is checked and replaced as needed. This fluid is essential for keeping the gears inside the differential lubricated and functioning properly.
Be alert for any unusual noises, such as whining or grinding, which could indicate issues with the axles or differential.
4. Brake System
Given the massive weight of heavy-duty trucks like the Howo series, an efficient brake system is crucial for safety. The brake system on Howo trucks typically consists of air brakes, brake drums, and brake pads or shoes. Properly functioning brakes are essential for controlling the vehicle, especially when carrying heavy loads or driving downhill.
Key Components of the Brake System:
Air Brakes: Howo trucks use air brakes, which rely on compressed air to engage the brake pads. This system is preferred for heavy-duty trucks because it provides consistent and powerful braking force.
Brake Drums: Brake drums rotate with the wheels, and when the brakes are applied, the brake shoes press against the drum to create friction, slowing the truck down.
Brake Shoes: These components generate friction by pressing against the brake drum when the brake pedal is applied.
Maintenance Tips:
Regularly inspect the brake pads or shoes for wear. Worn-out brakes reduce stopping power and can be dangerous, especially in emergency situations.
Ensure the air brake system is free of leaks. Any air leaks will reduce the effectiveness of the brakes, and in worst cases, they may fail completely.
Check the brake lines for corrosion or damage, as compromised lines can lead to brake fluid leaks.
5. Steering System
The steering system is essential for controlling the direction of the truck. In a vehicle as large as a Howo truck, the steering system must be both durable and precise. The system usually consists of the steering wheel, gearbox, and linkages that transmit the driver’s inputs to the front wheels.
Key Components:
Steering Gearbox: The gearbox converts the rotational movement of the steering wheel into the linear motion needed to turn the wheels.
Tie Rods: These connect the steering gearbox to the wheels, enabling precise control over the direction in which the truck is moving.
Maintenance:
Check the steering fluid regularly to ensure smooth operation.
Inspect the tie rods and other linkages for wear or damage. If the steering feels loose or unresponsive, it could be due to worn-out parts.
Regularly lubricate the moving components to prevent stiffness in the steering system.
6. Transmission and Driveline
The transmission is the system that transfers power from the engine to the wheels. Most Howo trucks are equipped with a manual transmission, though some newer models may feature automated manual transmissions (AMTs). The driveline transfers the power from the transmission to the rear axles.
Key Transmission Components:
Clutch: In a manual transmission system, the clutch allows the driver to engage and disengage the transmission from the engine, facilitating gear changes.
Driveshaft: The driveshaft connects the transmission to the rear axles, transmitting the engine’s power to the wheels.
Maintenance Tips:
Regularly check the transmission fluid and replace it according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Transmission fluid keeps the gears lubricated and cool.
Inspect the clutch for signs of slipping or difficulty engaging gears, as these could indicate wear.
Check the driveshaft for any damage or wear, as a faulty driveshaft can severely impact the truck’s performance.
7. Exhaust System
The exhaust system in a Howo truck plays a critical role in managing the engine’s emissions and reducing noise levels. It consists of various components, including the exhaust manifold, muffler, and catalytic converter.
Key Components:
Exhaust Manifold: Collects exhaust gases from the engine’s cylinders and directs them into the exhaust pipe.
Catalytic Converter: Reduces harmful emissions by converting toxic gases into less harmful substances before they are released into the atmosphere.
Muffler: Reduces the noise produced by the exhaust system.
Maintenance:
Regularly check for any leaks in the exhaust system, particularly around the exhaust manifold and catalytic converter.
Replace the muffler if it becomes damaged or excessively loud, as this may indicate a blockage or failure.
Ensure that the exhaust system is free from corrosion, as rust can damage the pipes and other components.
Conclusion
The under chassis parts of a Howo truck are vital to its performance, safety, and durability. From the frame and suspension system to the axles, brakes, and transmission, each component works together to ensure the truck can carry heavy loads, navigate rough terrain, and perform consistently in the most demanding environments.
Regular maintenance of these parts is essential to keep the truck running smoothly and to avoid costly repairs or downtime. By understanding the role and structure of each under chassis component, truck owners and operators can ensure that their Howo vehicles remain in optimal condition, providing reliable service for years to come.